The Blood-Tainted Winter Is A Winner

The Blood-Tainted Winter is a Winner

I recently read an affecting debut novel titled The Blood-Tainted Winter. Written by T.L. Greylock, the book is the first of what I understand will be a trilogy.

The Blood-Tainted Winter takes its name from a line in the epic medieval poem Beowulf, which suggests its setting in ancient blood-stained lands. Set in the far north and peopled by Norsemen, The Blood-Tainted Winter is the story of Raef Skallagrim, a young man who is about to set off on a life-defining sea voyage, when his father, the lord of Vannheim and possible successor to the king, is murdered. Raef is a classic reluctant hero. Against his desires he’s drawn into the resulting turmoil. Raef doesn’t know who killed his father, nor does he know the reason the man was murdered. But he wants vengeance.

The Blood-Tainted Winter is a story of the war that grows in the vacuum of a dead king. It is also a complex tale with dozens of characters spread over a large canvas, lords from many lands jockeying for position and fighting side-by-side with the warriors who’ve sworn allegiance to them. 

Greylock seems to be a student of medieval war strategy, and I learned a thing or two about fighting with swords and spears from horseback and with knives and axes on the ground, mano a mano.

While Greylock’s novel doesn’t feature an appearance of a vicious monster on the scale of Beowulf’s Grendel, the novel is quite violent, and it doesn’t shy away from the realities of war in an era when each warrior carried multiple weapons and didn’t hesitate to use any or all of them dispatching enemies.

In addition to burly men who fit our image of brutal vikings, there are also female warriors who are as deadly as any man. Add to the mix a collection of gods and half-gods, some benevolent and some not, wolves and ravens and crows that may or may not be as they appear, a shapeshifter or three and other possibly magical characters, and you realize that T.L. Greylock has done some serious world building. At the end of the book is a list of the characters. I counted 59 of them, which communicates a sense and scope of Greylock’s vision.

The Blood-Tainted Winter is not for the squeamish. And while I didn’t find the violence gratuitous, it was dramatic and abundant. Many people die by these medieval weapons. Blood flows and heads roll, sometimes literally.

Less plentiful, but still there, were tender moments, touching scenes of friendship and love. There is even the occasional child trying to survive in an epic landscape that provides little if any tolerance for play or delight or mirth.

The book is well-written, and Greylock has professional chops. I knew I was in good hands from the well-constructed and unhurried beginning, which is populated with many marvelous sentences such as “Raef let his anger slide away, a silver mackerel in the dark fjord waters not to be forgotten."

As violent and dangerous as the world of The Blood-Tainted Winter is, I liked spending time there. Perhaps I was attracted by the beautiful world of snow and ice in a vast land of forests and mountains and lakes not unlike the Sierra where I live. This harsh, elemental place with a hostile climate contrasts with the warmth of men and women with a deep sense of history and friendships. I was also drawn to those moments that reveal the connections and bonds between the characters, the thoughtful and telling dialogue, the strategies of both friends and foes, the feasts cooked over fires and cemented by a celebratory sharing of mead, a honey wine. I found myself worrying over the fate of the characters. And since I finished the book, I’ve often revisited it in my mind and imagined what it would be like to have lived in that time and place.

The Blood-Tainted Winter is an atmospheric tale that envelops you like a heavy mist flowing out of the northern forests, its scents as enticing as they are ominous. You will not soon forget the characters, virtuous and evil, the promises of allegiance and the treachery of lies, the sounds and smells of the charging horses, the battles on foot with the spray of sweat and blood, the sharp pain of physical wounds and the longer-lasting scars of betrayal.

If you like to spend time in a world unlike any you’ve ever experienced, give The Blood-Tainted Winter a try. You may, like me, find yourself entranced and eager to find out what happens to Raef and company in Greylock’s next installment.

If you want to check in on Greylock's progress, you can visit Greylock's blog here: TLGreylock.com

Dogs Have A Thing For Human Faces

There's a new study out that shows what happens in your dog's brain when she gives you that intense, focused, you're-the-most-important-thing-in-the-universe stare.

Most other animals, including our closest primate relatives, don't really care much about us. And when they look at us, it's pretty much the same as when they look at regular stuff in their environment. We're just not that important.

But unlike those other animals, when a dog looks at your face, multiple areas in her brain "light up." If a dog looks at other things or animals, not so much. It turns out that looking at you is a big deal, and a dog devotes a lot of brain space to this.

How did people figure this out?

Scientists trained dogs to sit still in an MRI. Then, while scanning the dogs, the scientists projected a wide range of pictures on a screen in front of the dogs. Most pictures are just processed in the dog's occipital cortex, the area where most vision is processed.

But show a dog a person's face, and multiple parts of their brains sit up and pay attention.

Is this dog dedicated to helping science or what?

Once again, we see science illuminating the amazing link between dogs and people. As all of you dog owners know, you and your dog have a powerful connection. Now we can see that connection in brain scans.


If you want an abridged version of the study, try this article: Dog Perception of Human Faces


If you want all of the involved and fascinating scientific details, here's the link: Full Study of Dogs and Human Faces.

Your New Book Hasn't Caught Fire? Write A Bunch More.

You've written a novel. Fantastic. You should be proud. Few people ever have the chutzpah to try such large, complex, intellectual undertaking. And of those few who try, only a small percentage follow through to the finish.

It's very exciting when you type "The End," and it's reasonable to want to send it out and pursue the dream of finding a publisher. Or maybe you decide to publish it yourself. The thrill of having your book produced as a physical entity, there to look great on your shelf or coffee table, is like no other. It's a big deal, this book stuff.

But why is it that when someone writes a novel and nothing big happens with it, they think it's a failure, or a giant disappointment, or terribly unfair, or... fill in the blank.

I have four completed novels in a drawer. Two of them garnered a bunch of rejections. The other two I never even sent out. I also have many partial novels and even more treatments and outlines. Nothing happened with any of them. Is that a failure or a giant disappointment, or terribly unfair?

Let's look at it from a different perspective. Think of any desirable career. What does it take to succeed in that career? Probably four years of college, maybe a graduate degree or two, a bunch of specific career training, an apprenticeship or residency or internship or on-the-job training, possibly multiple jobs before you find your rhythm. If you want to be a successful professional, you can expect to spend many years getting up to speed. Six, eight, ten years. If you want to be a cardiac surgeon, you might expect to spend 16 years from college to medical school to your residency to a lot of on-the-job training. Then you'd spend another 10 developing true excellence.

Yet a novelist wants success after writing one book? Is becoming an excellent novelist much easier than becoming a surgeon? I don't know. But writing novels sure ain't ditch digging. It takes time. Lots of time.

If a novelist were to be realistic about the job training, he or she might expect to spend ten or twelve years writing ten or twelve novels to become expert at the job.

Yet, many writers write a single book, and when nothing much happens - no best-seller list appearances and no starred reviews in the big journals - they think that they're a grand failure at worst and a grand disappointment at best? What are they thinking?

A typical professional writer writes at least one book a year. Four books could be considered a minimum of college-level education in the field of writing. Figure in another couple of books for your Masters equivalent. Add four more years of writing to hone your writing chops. Do you see why so many successful writers have dozens of novels under their belt before they achieved success? And why so many writers whose successful "first novels" were actually preceded by a dozen novels written under a different name?

I've mentioned before the old joke about the neurosurgeon who comes to an author signing and says to the author, "When I retire, I'm going to write a novel." And the author says, "Really? When I retire, I'm going to do brain surgery."

Becoming an accomplished writer takes years and years of hard, focused effort. Anyone who thinks they can pound out a first novel and have it catch fire is either deluded or is the next Truman Capote.

Of course, all of us in the trenches are eager to find the next Capote, so go for it. Show your chops.

If, possibly, you're not quite in that category, then your best chance for success is to be realistic. Stop hoping you're the next shooting star. Start thinking of yourself as a future professional writer, with all of the related aspects. Think of your career the way would-be doctors think of theirs. Plan to put in years and years of effort.

The payoff is extremely attractive. Making up stories for a living is the best job in the world. It's worth the investment of time and work and energy. The critical realization is that it takes time and work and energy.

What's The Best All-Wheel-Drive Vehicle In Snow?

When you first move to Tahoe, it only takes one experience of lying on your back in a slush puddle at night, flashlight in your mouth, as you try to wrestle on chains because you need to get over the pass or even just up the road to your house. As the dirty ice water seeps down your back and down your pants, you decide at that very moment to start the All-Wheel-Drive savings account and upgrade your car or pickup at the earliest possible moment.

For those of us in snow country, AWD has transformed our lives. But are they all the same? And if not, which is the best?

Here’s a quick primer.

First, many people wonder what is the difference between all wheel drive (AWD) and four wheel drive (4WD or 4X4).

Back in the old days when four wheel drive was invented, one had to shift from “normal” 2-wheel drive into 4WD. Most driving was done in 2-wheel drive. It was only when you got stuck in a snow bank or when you strapped a snow plowing blade to the front of your pickup that you shifted into 4WD. The reason for shifting back and forth was that when driving in 4WD, the engine power got sent evenly to the front wheels and the back wheels. That was okay for the slow grind out of a ditch or plowing snow. But in normal driving, every time you turn, your front wheels are going a slightly longer distance than your rear wheels, because your rear wheels are "cutting the corner," hence a shorter distance. Because 4WD tries to make the wheels all turn the same speed, your front and rear wheels end up “fighting each other.” Thus your vehicle does not track well in 4WD.

If you were driving faster than a crawl, 4WD gave you LESS traction instead of more. Back in the ’90s, a friend of mine had a Jeep Wrangler. When we had a ton of snow, he wanted more traction on the roads. But he said it was impossible to drive faster than walking speed in 4WD without the Jeep wanting to skid and slide and spin around. Our own experience with 4WD came when we rented a Toyota 4-Runner during a particularly snowy winter. The 4WD option worked well at speeds appropriate for, say, plowing a farmer’s field. But it was worthless for normal driving on the roads. Just turning a corner, where the front wheels have to track a bit farther than the rear wheels, the 4-Runner bucked and shook and slid until you shifted out of 4WD. Then it ran just the way you’d expect.

(Please note that the manufacturers never recommended 4WD for normal driving!)

Manufacturers eventually realized that a reliable 4WD with perfect balance of power to all four wheels, i.e., a vehicle that tracked well at any speed, would be a great advantage in any snow country, especially in the mountains, because people would have much more traction at any speed. So they developed 4WD systems that used both sophisticated mechanics as well as computers to send power to all four wheels yet keep them from fighting each other. This new approach would always be “on” so you never had to shift into it.

Voila! It worked. These new systems were called All Wheel Drive and, as you know, there are many manufacturers that produce AWD cars and trucks and vans.

But are all AWD vehicles the same? Do they work equally well? Nope. 

Of course, everyone who has driven multiple vehicles has preferences. And many have written about those preferences. So I’m adding my personal experience to the mix.

My wife and I have had four different makes of AWD vehicles. Like all vehicles, each has its strong points and weak points. But when it comes to the AWD aspect, one stands out.

Subaru.

The other three brands we’ve had are clunky. If you go around a slippery corner, you can feel the vehicle making these little jerks as if it’s trying to decide which wheels to send power to. If you go up a hill and either a front wheel or a back wheel starts to spin, the clunkiness is even more dramatic. It’s as if the system waits until a wheel starts to spin, then it detects it, then it thinks about it, then it stops sending power to that wheel and starts sending power to the other wheels. It makes noise, and the vehicle jerks, and then it starts to grab.

Two of the three clunky AWD vehicles are late models and have electronic stabilizing (non-skid) systems. But I’m not sure they do any good at all. And if they do help, they are hobbled by flaws in the AWD design.

On the other hand, the Subaru just drives. We never think about its AWD system because we never notice it. No jerking, no clunkiness, no weird sounds. And if we turn up a hill after a fresh snow storm, we can be pushing snow with the front bumper and we still don’t pay much attention. Our other vehicles (two of which we still have) can’t even make it up a street when the snow is as deep as the bumper. (We learned that the hard way.)

Bottom line: AWD is great for regular driving, much better than 4WD. It's a thousand times more convenient than putting on chains. But of the AWDs we’ve owned, Subaru is not just the best, it is far and away the best.

Are there other great AWDs out there? No doubt. There are many brands we haven’t tried. But from our experience, you wouldn’t go wrong with a Subaru.

P.S. In a recent Consumer Reports study of which AWD vehicles worked best in snow, their Number One choice was the Subaru Outback.

Here's the link: Consumer Reports Best AWD

Here's the Consumer Reports ranking of AWD, which concurs with our own experience:

Snow traction (best listed first)

Rank                Make & model

1.                      Subaru Outback

2.                      Subaru XV Crosstrek

3.                      Subaru Forester

4.                      Audi Q5

5.                      Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Yukon XL

6.                      Jeep Wrangler

7.                      Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon

8.                      Jeep Grand Cherokee

9.                      Toyota 4Runner

10.                    Ford Expedition

11.                    Volvo XC60

12.                    Ford Edge

13.                    Volkswagen Touareg

14.                    Buick Enclave

15.                    Lexus RX

16.                    Toyota Sequoia

17.                    Volvo XC70

18.                    Acura MDX

19.                    Lincoln MKX

20.                    Jeep Cherokee

21.                    Dodge Durango

22.                    Mercedes-Benz M-Class

23.                    Chevrolet Traverse/GMC Acadia

24.                    BMW X3

25.                    BMW X5

26.                    Ford Explorer

27.                    BMW X1

28.                    Mercedes-Benz GLK-Class

29.                    Honda Pilot

30.                    Chevrolet Equinox/GMC Terrain

31.                    Toyota Highlander

32.                    Toyota Venza

33.                    Ford Escape

34.                    Mercedes-Benz GL-Class

35.                    Hyundai Santa Fe Sport

36.                    Toyota RAV4

37.                    Buick Encore

38.                    Honda Crosstour

39.                    Hyundai Santa Fe

40.                    Volkswagen Tiguan

41.                    Honda CR-V

42.                    Ford Flex

43.                    Nissan Murano

44.                    Mazda CX-5

45.                    Mazda CX-9

46.                    Cadillac SRX

47.                    Acura RDX

48.                    Infiniti JX, QX60

49.                    Nissan Pathfinder

50.                    Kia Sorento

51.                    Hyundai Tucson

52.                    Nissan Rogue

53.                    Nissan Juke

P.P.S. Now the usual qualifiers and disclaimers... AWD won't keep you from sliding off the road or hitting another car or causing any amount of deadly mayhem if you drive too fast. AWD won't make you stop any faster. So if it's snowing or slippery or icy, SLOW DOWN.

2016 Amgen Bike Race Coming To Tahoe!

Do you like bicycling?
Do your kids like bicycling?
Want to see a cool event in Tahoe this May?

The 2016 Amgen Tour Of California is coming to Tahoe!

This premier bike race features many of the best bike racers in the world. They will undergo the supreme test of racing at high altitude as well as grueling climbs. For example, just the Tahoe leg of the men's race is over 130 miles and has a total elevation gain of over 13,000 feet!

Here are the Tahoe details:

On May 19th, Stage 1 of the women's race will go all the way around Lake Tahoe. You can view the best women racers in the world from your own bike or from boats and kayaks and paddle boards at many places around the lake!

Click here for Women's Stage 1 map

Click here for Amgen Women's Stage 1 info


Also on May 19th, Stage 5 of the men's race will go from Lodi to Tahoe. The racers will climb up Highway 88 from near sea level to crest Carson Pass at 8600 feet, then descend down to Hope Valley, climb up over Luther Summit and end at Heavenly Resort in South Lake Tahoe.

Click here for the Men's Stage 5 map

Click here for Amgen Men's Stage 5 info


For the home page of the Amgen Tour website, click here.

This will be a great day to hang in Tahoe and get inspired by the best bike racers in the world. Come on up the mountain and have a great getaway!

The Absolute, Can’t Fail, Guaranteed Way To Make Your Novel Much Better

Greats like Stephen King do it.

Ordinary Joes like me do it.

Countless professional writers have come to rely upon this technique for producing reliably good novels without the glitches and problems that plague so many books.

It’s called the Write Longer, Then Cut 30% technique.

Why does writing longer and then trimming always improve your work? Aren’t some writers geniuses who can write beautifully their first time around the block?

The simple fact is that any piece of long writing produced by any writer at any level has, by everyone’s definition including the writer involved, some stuff that represents some of the best the author can do, some stuff that is merely good, and some stuff that is lacking relative to that writer’s best ability. So if you write long enough to allow room to trim - or long enough to force you to trim - you will always, always, always trim your least effective work and leave your best.

Let me restate that. If you force yourself to trim 30% of your novel, you will never throw out the passages that make you cry or roar with laughter or get especially thoughtful. You will never throw out the passages that generate a thousand new ideas or make you want to take notes or stop and memorize the lines. You will never throw out the passages that make your heart race or make you worry or fearful or engage in any other powerful emotion. In short, the potent, emotionally-charged parts of your book, the parts that make readers stop and order all of your other titles, those are the parts you will keep. Your best stuff, right? That is the stuff you will never throw out.

So what will you throw out? You’ll toss the slow exposition, the telling instead of showing, the rambling stuff you think the reader should probably know even though they can figure out what’s going on without it. You’ll throw out the lines that are too clever and call attention to themselves at the expense of the story. You’ll throw out the adolescent scene with the too-beautiful woman and the too-hunky guy. You’ll throw out that interesting segue that doesn’t really advance the plot or the characterization. You’ll throw out the scenes that only exist to make you, the writer, look smart but don’t do a thing for the story.

Imagine a professor has given you an assignment of writing a 500-page manuscript. You did the job and turned it in. Then she told you to cut it to 350 pages. No one needs to tell you what to cut. Why? Because you’ll simply go through and delete every possible thing that can go without hurting the story.

Wait, what did you just do? You took out stuff that can be tossed without hurting the story.

In sum, write substantially longer than you think you need, then force yourself to trim. The improvement in your story will surprise you.

Of course, some writers will think that they are the ones who don’t need to do this. “I can trim in my head before I put it down on paper.”

Maybe. But when your book comes out, if your sales are lackluster, you might wonder if you should have followed Stephen King’s advice. And if your sales are good, you might wonder how much better they could have been...

Point made, ’nuff said.

I gotta go start trimming...

"That's A Pretty Thin Production Level, Borg..."

I've been putting out one book a year for quite awhile, now. I often think I should be writing faster. Certainly, many professional writers do two books a year, and sometimes three or more.

Recently, the subject came up again, this time in connection with a TV show. First, some background so you will understand why a TV show that the whole world knows about could be new to me.

It's true that my wife and I haven't had TV ever since our 13-inch black-and-white died back in the '70s. (I know, I'm dating myself.)

So we're pretty disconnected from pop culture. However, we do have a DVD player for watching movies, which we get from Netflix. We've also occasionally rented TV shows that people have recommended.

When I heard about Castle, a show about a mystery writer, I was naturally intrigued. When actual mysteries were published that were supposedly written by the fictional Castle, I was doubly intrigued. Partly, because they sold very well, partly because the real ghost writer was a closely-guarded secret, and partly because I loved the idea of a fictional TV show cross promoting a fictional writer and the result was very real books.

If it's possible that any of you haven't seen the show, it depicts a writer working with the New York police and helping to solve murder cases. The writer gets source material and hands-on research, while the police get helpful (although sometimes outlandish) ideas from a creative writer. The shows each start with a murder (sound familiar?), they move fast, they are sometimes funny or clever, and they end well. Some viewers might think that part of the appeal is that the episodes showcase the beautiful woman (Stana Katic in tight jeans and high heels) who plays the homicide detective that Castle works with. Realistic? Probably not. But eye candy helps sell...

The clever additional component that motivated me to give the show a try, was that the fictional Castle (played by Nathan Fillian) periodically gets together with his writer buddies to play poker. Those writer friends are played by the very real Michael Connelly, James Patterson, and others.

During one of those poker games, the other (real) writers are giving Castle grief for only writing one book per year. Castle seems a bit taken aback when Patterson (who produces about a dozen books per year) says, "One book a year is a pretty thin production level, don't you think?" Connelly, who seems to be writing two or three books a year these days, agrees.

Meanwhile, as we were watching, my wife was laughing and slapping my thigh.

Yeah, I have to agree. One book a year is a pretty thin production schedule, Borg.

I suppose if I turned off Castle, I might have more time for writing...

How To Prevent Attitude Sickness

In last week's post, I talked about altitude sickness and what to do if it strikes. This week, we look at the reasons why we get altitude sickness and how to prevent it.

The Earth's atmosphere is very thin. Compared to the size of our planet,
the atmosphere is as thin as the skin on an apple. You don't have to go
very high before you climb a substantial part of the way through that skin.

While nearly all of the Earth's atmosphere is below 100,000 feet, gravity compresses the atmosphere close to the Earth's surface. The air gets denser the closer you go to sea level. As a result, about half of all our planet's air is below 18,000 feet. 30% of the Earth's atmosphere is below 10,000 feet, and 20% is below 6000 feet. So just going from sea level up to 6000 feet, you have 20% less oxygen available to your lungs. Lake Tahoe, at 6230 feet, is higher than that. And all of the roads into the basin except one have passes over 7100 feet. The Mt. Rose highway crests at almost 9000 feet. It's very easy to get into territory with dramatically lowered oxygen levels. (Note that the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere stays consistent at about 21%, but as the atmosphere thins, the oxygen "partial pressure" drops accordingly, and you get an equivalent drop in how much oxygen gets into your blood.)

If you're skiing at 10,000 feet and sleeping at 8000 feet (as in a Kirkwood vacation home), you are putting your body into a substantially hypoxic environment. Our bodies struggle when we don't have enough oxygen. The struggle can be very stressful.

If you want to acclimate without stress, what should you do?

A huge help is to spend a night at altitude before you start skiing or riding. Twenty-four hours without physical effort is even better. Staying in a lodging near 6500 feet (close to lake level) instead of one at 7500 feet also helps.

Where are the highest lodgings in the Tahoe area? The town of Kirkwood sits at 7800 feet, which is where you'll find most of its lodgings. But some of its homes - available on vacation rental websites - sit substantially higher. Many vacation homes on upper Kingsbury Grade - some near Heavenly's Stagecoach and Boulder access points - are also around 7800 feet. There are also vacation homes up above Incline Village that are at the same altitude. Don't avoid these wonderful places to stay, but consider allowing an extra day at that altitude before your first day of skiing.

At the minimum, try to get a night's sleep at altitude before hitting the slopes. You will find life at altitude much more comfortable.

How long does it take to fully acclimate?

It's been estimated that those of us who live at 6500 feet eventually produce extra blood (perhaps a pint or more) and we possibly develop the ability to carry more oxygen in our hemoglobin. How long does this adaptation take? Some estimates suggest one month. Anecdotally, many of us will attest to the fact that when we first came to Tahoe, we got out of breath just brushing our teeth. But after one month, life was back to normal.

What happens if Tahoe locals go down to sea level? We immediately start losing those adaptations. If we spend a month or more at sea level, we have to re-acclimate all over again when we come back up to Tahoe.

Bottom line? If you want to prevent altitude sickness, go slowly. Stay near the lake level, especially during your first day. Sleep overnight before doing lots of exercise. If you're planning on riding multiple areas, start with areas at lower elevation, such as Homewood. Or the lower slopes at Squaw Valley. As the days progress, move to the other areas, saving the highest areas, Mr. Rose, Heavenly, and Kirkwood for last.

These simple steps will give you a great winter vacation!

P.S. People who've lived for thousands of years in the highest areas of the world, like Tibet, the Andes, and the Ethiopian highlands, have evolved several different adaptations including genetic differences that allow them to better absorb oxygen at high altitude. So don't think, "Hey, sherpas can hang out at 16,000 feet, so I can too...!"

P.P.S. If you want to see dramatic evidence of the effects of thin atmosphere on living things, just look at the WhiteBark Pines at the top of Sky Chair at Heavenly (10,000 feet above sea level). Talk about scrawny plants desperately trying to eek out a living where the air is so thin.

These Whitebark Pines are old but no taller than the skier who's using them for slalom poles.
Photo courtesy of Skiheavenly.com

Who Can Suffer From High Altitude Sickness?

The short answer: Anyone.

You wedge an opening in your schedule to make a ski getaway and come to Tahoe, leaving the Bay Area or Sacramento early in the morning. The slopes have awesome snow, and you hit them hard that first day, maybe a bit too hard. That night, as you are about to fall into the sack, you start to feel sick and you wonder if it was your over-exertion or your celebratory beer or wine.

Probably, it was neither. It was altitude.

Altitude sickness can hit anyone, even people in very good shape. Typically, it strikes when you live near sea level and go up to 8000 feet or more. While most of the lodgings in Tahoe are below 7500 feet, much of the skiing and boarding is above 8000 feet. For example, if you go Heavenly, Tahoe's highest area, and ride the upper mountain on either the California or Nevada side, you will spend much of your day above 9000 feet. At Kirkwood or Mt. Rose, it's also possible to spend much of your day above 9000 feet.

A body has a strong reaction to being deprived of oxygen. The reaction can even be dangerous. Altitude sickness will initially manifest as a major headache. I don't want to scare you, but if it progresses to nausea and vomiting, you may be at risk for pulmonary edema or cerebral edema. It's time to get down to lower altitude fast! Seriously. Otherwise, you could suffer a cascade of events that lead to coma and death. A drop of 2000 feet or more will make a big difference. If altitude sickness strikes in Tahoe, taking an hour to drive down to Reno or Carson City (both around 4500 feet) can make you feel much better and can even save your life. Even if you only go down for a few hours, it can revitalize your brain and body. (Of course, if you are really sick, seek medical attention.)

Why does does altitude sickness happen and how can you prevent it? Tune in next week...

A Ski Weekend In Tahoe? There's Something You Need To Know...

The word is out. Tahoe has snow, and lots of it. So you may be planning a ski weekend.

We're so glad about that! But you should know that a hundred thousand other skiers and boarders have the same idea. So here are two simple things that will make the difference between a great vacation break and a frustrating struggle dealing with traffic.

1. If there is any possible chance of controlling when you come and go, do not plan to arrive on Friday afternoon or evening, and do not plan on leaving during mid-day on Sunday (or Monday, if it is a three-day weekend like Presidents Weekend in February). Whatever it takes to adjust your schedule will pay you a hundred times over in lack of traffic frustration. I strongly recommend coming up Thursday night and leaving Monday morning instead (or leaving on Tuesday morning if you visit on Presidents Weekend).

2. If it is snowing, don't try to Google-map your way around the highways and chain-up areas. Locals have been trading stories of the masses of cars on the back roads that have spun out and slid into ditches all because they were trying to avoid the main highways and instead found themselves on hills that are undriveable in major snow. Most of us locals have 4-wheel-drive, and we don't even go on those roads during storms. Last week, hundreds of people spent huge amounts of time in ditches while the cops tried without luck to unsnarl masses of traffic that couldn't move because the back roads were covered in wet black ice and cars were scattered in all directions like a hundred toys some kid had kicked across the room. If you stay on the highway, at least you have the benefit of graders and rotary plows and dump trucks spreading sand.

Even AFTER the snow melted and the countless spinouts were towed away,
there is still gridlock on Sunday afternoon with everyone trying to get out of the basin
at the same time, especially on the back roads. Choose to drive home after 5 p.m. or,
better yet, Monday, and you'll have a much better weekend. Good luck!